African Union leaders mark 50th anniversary in Ethiopia

 

The African Union replaced the OAU in 2002

Africa's 54 leaders are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Organisation of African Unity.

Opening the event, Ethiopian PM Hailemariam Desalegn spoke of "a great leap forward in the pan-African quest for freedom, independence and unity".
AU head Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma warned that conflicts could be silenced only by "solidarity and unity".
The OAU, which became the African Union (AU) in 2002, had its origins in the struggle for decolonisation.
It was founded in Addis Ababa in 1963, the venue chosen to mark the anniversary 50 years on.
But while its successor has adopted a policy of seeking African solutions to internal problems, it has been criticised for failing to respond quickly enough when rebels seized power in Mali in 2012.

Seeking African unity for 50 years

• 1957: Leaders of Africa's three independent republics - Liberia, Ghana and Guinea - met to discuss liberating the rest of the continent
• 1963: OAU founded
• Initially concentrated on ending colonial and white minority rule in countries such as Angola, Mozambique (1975), Zimbabwe (1980), Namibia (1990) and South Africa (1994)
• 1984: Morocco leaves OAU after OAU recognised independence of Western Sahara
• 2002: OAU became the African Union, designed to work for economic integration
• AU ended policy of non-interference in domestic affairs - it has suspended several countries after coups, while OAU had been criticised as a "dictators' club"
• AU has sent peacekeepers to Darfur and Somalia
• 2011: South Sudan becomes 54th member of AU (Morocco has not rejoined)
• 2012: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma becomes first female head of AU commission

However, the AU has sent peacekeepers to Burundi and Darfur and has deployed an intervention force in Somalia.

Peace and prosperity Among the dignitaries attending Saturday's ceremony was US Secretary of State John Kerry, who warned Nigeria's armed forces to avoid human rights abuses in their campaign against Islamist extremists.
While defending Nigeria's right to crack down on militant group Boko Haram, Mr Kerry said "one person's atrocities do not excuse another's".
On Friday, AU foreign ministers backed a request from Kenya to have crimes against humanity cases, brought against the president and vice president by the International Criminal Court in The Hague, referred back to Nairobi.
President Uhuru Kenyatta and his deputy, William Ruto, both deny allegations of orchestrating violence after the disputed 2007 election.
The ceremony was also attended by Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff - her third visit to Africa in three months.
On the sidelines of the summit, Brazilian officials said the country would cancel or restructure almost $900m (£600m) worth of debt with Africa.
Brazil's trade with African countries has increased fivefold since 2002.
Latin America's economic powerhouse has also opened 19 new embassies in Africa in the last decade.
Distant dream Since it was founded in 2002, the AU's aim has been to push for peace and prosperity.
But its drive to create a middle-income continent free of poverty and conflict is still a distant dream, the BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse reports.
While six out of the world's 10 fastest-growing economies are now in Africa, campaign group Transparency International says nearly half of the 20 most corrupt countries are also African, our correspondent adds.
The only African country not part of the AU is Morocco, which withdrew because of a dispute over Western Sahara.